Handle missing data using appropriate strategies such as ignoring tuples or filling values
Standardize dates and data into unified internal formats
Apply discretization methods including binning, entropy-based, and 3-4-5 natural partitioning
Perform dimensionality reduction through feature selection and attribute subset selection
Use wavelet transforms and hierarchical reduction to compress and approximate data
Segment numeric data into uniform natural intervals using the 3-4-5 rule
